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We report synthesis of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) stabilized Zn 1+x SnO 3+x  (0 ≤ x ≤1) nano-crystallites by facile cost-effective wet chemistry route. The X-ray diffraction patterns of as-synthesized powders at the Zn/Sn ratio of 1 exhibited formation of ZnSn(OH) 6 . Increasing the Zn/Sn ratio further resulted in the precipitation of an additional phase corresponding to Zn(OH) 2 . The decomposition of these powders at 650°C for 3h led to the formation of the orthorhombic phase of ZnSnO 3  and tetragonal SnO 2 -type phase of Zn 2 SnO 4  at the Zn/Sn ratio of 1 and 2, respectively, with the formation of their mixed phases at intermediate compositions, i.e., at Zn/Sn ratio of 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75, respectively. The lattice parameters of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were a ~ 3.6203 Å, b ~ 4.2646 Å and c ~ 12.8291Å (for ZnSnO 3 ) and a = b ~ 5.0136 Å and c ~ 3.3055Å (for Zn 2 SnO 4 ). The transmission electron micrographs revealed the formation of nano-crystallites with aspect ratio ~ 2; the length and thickness being 24, 13 nm (for ZnSnO 3 ) and 47, 22 nm (for Zn 2 SnO 4 ), respectively. The estimated direct bandgap values for the ZnSnO 3  and Zn 2 SnO 4  were found to be 4.21 eV and 4.12 eV, respectively. The ac conductivity values at room temperature (at 10 kHz) for the ZnSnO 3  and Zn 2 SnO 4  samples were 8.02 × 10 −8  Ω -1  cm -1  and 6.77 × 10 −8  Ω -1  cm -1 , respectively. The relative permittivity was found to increase with increase in temperature, the room temperature values being 14.24 and 25.22 for the samples ZnSnO 3  and Zn 2 SnO 4 , respectively. Both the samples, i.e., ZnSnO 3  and Zn 2 SnO 4 , exhibited low values of loss tangent up to 300 K, the room temperature values being 0.89 and 0.72, respectively. A dye-sensitized solar cell has been fabricated using the optimized sample of zinc stannate photo-anode, i.e., Zn 2 SnO 4 . The cyclic voltammetry revealed oxidation and reduction around 0.40 V (current density ~ 11.1 mA/cm 2 ) and 0.57 V (current density– 11.7 mA/cm 2 ) for Zn 2 SnO 4  photo-anode in presence of light.

Synthesis and Behavior of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide Stabilized Zn1+xSnO3+x (0 ≤ x ≤1) Nano-Crystallites