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Herbal medicines and natural herb extracts are widely used as alternative treatments for various parasitic diseases, and such extracts may also have potential to decrease the side effects of the standard regimen drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis (sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine combination). We evaluated how effective the Thai piperaceae plants  Piper betle ,  P .  nigrum  and  P .  sarmentosum  are against  Toxoplasma gondii  infection  in vitro  and  in vivo . Individually, we extracted the piperaceae plants with ethanol, passed them through a rotary evaporator and then lyophilized them to obtain crude extracts for each one. The  in vitro  study indicated that the  P .  betle  extract was the most effective extract at inhibiting parasite growth in HFF cells (IC 50  on RH-GFP: 23.2 μg/mL, IC 50  on PLK-GFP: 21.4 μg/mL). Furthermore, treatment of experimental mice with the  P .  betle  extract for 7 days after infection with 1,000 tachyzoites of the  T .  gondii  PLK strain increased their survival (survival rates: 100% in 400 mg/kg-treated, 83.3% in 100 mg/kg-treated, 33.3% in 25 mg/kg-treated, 33.3% in untreated mice). Furthermore, treatment with 400 mg/kg of the  P .  betle  extract resulted in 100% mouse survival following infection with 100,000 tachyzoites. The present study shows that  P .  betle  extract has the potential to act as a medical plant for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Effects of Extracts from Thai Piperaceae Plants against Infection with Toxoplasma gondii