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Envenomation by  Loxosceles  spider is characterized by the development of dermonecrosis. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that increased expression/secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, induced by  Loxosceles intermedia  venom Class 2 SMases D (the main toxin in the spider venom), contribute to the development of cutaneous loxoscelism. In the present study we show that the more potent venom containing the Class 1 SMase D from  Loxosceles laeta , in addition to increasing the expression/secretion of MMP2 and MMP9, also stimulates the expression of MMP7 (Matrilysin-1), which was associated with keratinocyte cell death. Tetracycline, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, prevented cell death and reduced MMPs expression. Considering that  L .  laeta  venom is more potent at inducing dermonecrosis than  L .  intermedia  venom, our results suggest that MMP7 may play an important role in the severity of dermonecrosis induced by  L .  laeta  spider venom SMase D. In addition, the inhibition of MMPs by  e . g . tetracyclines may be considered for the treatment of the cutaneous loxoscelism.

Sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles laeta Venom Induces the Expression of MMP7 in Human Keratinocytes: Contribution to Dermonecrosis