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Background  Plants often face multiple stresses including drought, extreme temperature, salinity, nutrition deficiency and biotic stresses during growth and development. All the stresses result in a series of physiological and metabolic reactions and then generate reversible inhibition of metabolism and growth and can cause seriously irreversible damage, even death. At each stage of cotton growth, environmental stress conditions pose devastating threats to plant growth and development, especially yield and quality. Due to the complex stress conditions and unclear molecular mechanisms of stress response, there is an urgent need to explore the mechanisms of cotton response against abiotic stresses.    Methodology and Principal Findings  A normalized cDNA library was constructed using  Gossypium barbadense  Hai-7124 treated with different stress conditions (heat, cold, salt, drought, potassium and phosphorus deficit and  Verticillium dahliae  infection). Random sequencing of this library generated 6,047 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The ESTs were clustered and assembled into 3,135 uniESTs, composed of 2,497 contigs and 638 singletons. The blastx results demonstrated 2,746 unigenes showing significant similarity to known genes, 74 uniESTs displaying significant similarity to genes of predicted proteins, and 315 uniESTs remain uncharacterized. Functional classification unveiled the abundance of uniESTs in binding, catalytic activity, and structural molecule activity. Annotations of the uniESTs by the plant transcription factor database (PlantTFDB) and Plant Stress Protein Database (PSPDB) disclosed that transcription factors and stress-related genes were enriched in the current library. The expression of some transcription factors and specific stress-related genes were verified by RT-PCR under various stress conditions.    Conclusions/Significance  Annotation results showed that a huge number of genes respond to stress in our study, such as  MYB-related ,  C2H2 ,  FAR1 ,  bHLH ,  bZIP ,  MADS , and  mTERF . These results will improve our knowledge of stress tolerance in cotton. In addition, they are also helpful in discovering candidate genes related to stress tolerance. The publicly available ESTs from  G .  barbadense  are a valuable genomic resource that will facilitate further molecular study and breeding of stress-tolerant cotton.

Identification of Multiple Stress Responsive Genes by Sequencing a Normalized cDNA Library from Sea-Land Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)