English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Orangutans are critically endangered primarily due to loss and fragmentation of their natural habitat. This could bring them into closer contact with humans and increase the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission.    Aims  To describe the prevalence and diversity of  Cryptosporidium  spp., microsporidia and  Giardia intestinalis  in orangutans at seven sites on Sumatra and Kalimantan, and to evaluate the impact of orangutans’ habituation and location on the occurrence of these zoonotic protists.    Result  The overall prevalence of parasites in 298 examined animals was 11.1%. The most prevalent microsporidia was  Encephalitozoon cuniculi  genotype II, found in 21 animals (7.0%).  Enterocytozoon bieneusi  genotype D (n = 5) and novel genotype Pongo 2 were detected only in six individuals (2.0%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of these parasites in orangutans. Eight animals were positive for  Cryptosporidium  spp. (2.7%), including  C .  parvum  (n = 2) and  C .  muris  (n = 6).  Giardia intestinalis  assemblage B, subtype MB6, was identified in a single individual. While no significant differences between the different human contact level groups ( p  = 0.479–0.670) or between the different islands ( p  = 0.992) were reported in case of  E .  bieneusi  or  E .  cuniculi ,  Cryptosporidium  spp. was significantly less frequently detected in wild individuals ( p  < 2×10 −16 ) and was significantly more prevalent in orangutans on Kalimantan than on Sumatra ( p  < 2×10 −16 ).    Conclusion  Our results revealed that wild orangutans are significantly less frequently infected by  Cryptosporidium  spp. than captive and semi-wild animals. In addition, this parasite was more frequently detected at localities on Kalimantan. In contrast, we did not detect any significant difference in the prevalence of microsporidia between the studied groups of animals. The sources and transmission modes of infections were not determined, as this would require repeated sampling of individuals, examination of water sources, and sampling of humans and animals sharing the habitat with orangutans.

plos one

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp. and Giardia intestinalis in Wild, Semi-Wild and Captive Orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) on Sumatra and Borneo, Indonesia