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Marine crabs of the genus  Persephona  Leach, 1817 are restricted to American waters of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Subfamilial assignment of this taxon has varied between authors and its species composition remain in question. We conducted a comparative study based on morphology and molecular phylogenetics for all ten recognized species of  Persephona , along with  Iliacantha hancocki . We tested whether  Persephona finneganae ,  P .  lichtensteinii , and  P .  crinita  represent a single species as suggested by some authors; whether specimens identified as  P .  punctata ,  P .  mediterranea , and  P .  aquilonaris  warrant treatment as separate species; and whether  I .  hancocki  should be regarded as a junior synonym of  P .  subovata . Diagnostic morphological characters (of the carapace, chelipeds, and third maxillipeds) were used along with gonopod (male first pleopod 1) features and live coloration. The 16S rRNA and the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) (DNA barcoding) mitochondrial genes were used as molecular markers. Both morphological and molecular analyses revealed that putative specimens of  P .  crinita  from Brazil and those assigned to  P .  finneganae  were no different from specimens presently assignable to  P .  lichtensteinii .  P .  finneganae  is regarded as a junior synonym of  P .  lichtensteinii , and we apply  P .  crinita  only to specimens we examined from the Gulf of Mexico. Specimens from Brazil previously reported as  P .  crinita  are herewith concluded to represent  P .  lichtensteinii . Additionally,  P .  townsendi  is a junior synonym of  P .  orbicularis ,  Iliacantha hancocki  is concluded to be a junior synonym of  P .  subovata , while  P .  aquilonaris  and  P .  mediterranea  are found to represent separate species. On the basis of our revisions, eight species of  Persephona  are considered valid, and the reported distribution for  P .  crinita  is restricted.

Integrative Taxonomic Study of the Purse Crab Genus Persephona Leach, 1817 (Brachyura: Leucosiidae): Combining Morphology and Molecular Data