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Xanthomonas citri  subsp. citri (Xcc) is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker. This bacterium is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) at different points during its life cycle, including those normally produced by aerobic respiration or upon exposition to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Moreover, ROS are key components of the host immune response. Among enzymatic ROS-detoxifying mechanisms, catalases eliminate H 2 O 2 , avoiding the potential damage caused by this specie. Xcc genome includes four catalase genes. In this work, we studied the physiological role of KatG, the only bifunctional catalase of Xcc, through the construction and characterization of a modified strain (Xcc katG ), carrying an insertional mutation in the  katG  gene. First, we evaluated the involvement of KatG in the bacterial adaptive response to H 2 O 2 . Xcc katG  cultures exhibited lower catalase activity than those of the wild-type strain, and this activity was not induced upon treatment with sub-lethal doses of H 2 O 2 . Moreover, the KatG-deficient mutant exhibited decreased tolerance to H 2 O 2  toxicity compared to wild-type cells and accumulated high intracellular levels of peroxides upon exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of H 2 O 2 . To further study the role of KatG in Xcc physiology, we evaluated bacterial survival upon exposure to UV-A or UV-B radiation. In both conditions, Xcc katG  showed a high mortality in comparison to Xcc wild-type. Finally, we studied the development of bacterial biofilms. While structured biofilms were observed for the Xcc wild-type, the development of these structures was impaired for Xcc katG . Based on these results, we demonstrated that KatG is responsible for Xcc adaptive response to H 2 O 2  and a key component of the bacterial response to oxidative stress. Moreover, this enzyme plays an important role during Xcc epiphytic survival, being essential for biofilm formation and UV resistance.

plos one

KatG, the Bifunctional Catalase of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Responds to Hydrogen Peroxide and Contributes to Epiphytic Survival on Citrus Leaves