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Developing pathogen-specific recombinant antibody fragments (especially nanobodies) is a very promising strategy for the treatment of infectious disease. Nanobodies have great potential for gene therapy application due to their single-gene nature. Historically,  Mycoplasma hominis  has not been considered pathogenic bacteria due to the lack of acute infection and partially due to multiple studies demonstrating high frequency of isolation of  M .  hominis  samples from asymptomatic patients. However, recent studies on the role of latent  M .  hominis  infection in oncologic transformation, especially prostate cancer, and reports that  M .  hominis  infects  Trichomonas  and confers antibiotic resistance to Trichomonas, have generated new interest in this field. In the present study we have generated specific nanobody against  M .  hominis  (aMh), for which the identified target is the ABC-transporter substrate-binding protein. aMh exhibits specific antibacterial action against  M .  hominis . In an attempt to improve the therapeutic properties, we have developed the adenoviral vector-based gene therapy approach for passive immunization with nanobodies against  M .  hominis . For better penetration into the mucous layer of the genital tract, we fused aMh with the Fc-fragment of IgG. Application of this comprehensive approach with a single systemic administration of recombinant adenovirus expressing aMh-Fc demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of genital  M .  hominis  infection.

plos one

Genetic Passive Immunization with Adenoviral Vector Expressing Chimeric Nanobody-Fc Molecules as Therapy for Genital Infection Caused by Mycoplasma hominis