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In  Chaetomium thermophilum  (DSM 1495) within the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) small ribosomal subunit ( rns ) gene a group IIA1 intron interrupts an open reading frame (ORF) encoded within a group I intron (mS1247). This arrangement offers the opportunity to examine if the nested group II intron could be utilized as a regulatory element for the expression of the homing endonuclease (HEase). Constructs were generated where the codon-optimized ORF was interrupted with either the native group IIA1 intron or a group IIB type intron. This study showed that the expression of the HEase ( in vivo ) in  Escherichia coli  can be regulated by manipulating the splicing efficiency of the HEase ORF-embedded group II introns. Exogenous magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) stimulated the expression of a functional HEase but the addition of cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ) to growth media antagonized the expression of HEase activity. Ultimately the ability to attenuate HEase activity might be useful in precision genome engineering, minimizing off target activities, or where pathways have to be altered during a specific growth phase.

Using Group II Introns for Attenuating the In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of a Homing Endonuclease