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Iron is essential for the growth and survival of many organisms. Intracellular iron homeostasis must be maintained for cell survival and protection against iron toxicity. The ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) regulates the high-affinity ferric uptake system in many bacteria. To investigate the function of the  fur  gene in  Xanthomonas vesicatoria  ( Xv ), we generated a  fur  mutant strain, fur-m, by site-directed mutagenesis. Whereas siderophore production increased in the  Xv fur  mutant, extracellular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, swimming ability and quorum sensing signals were all significantly decreased. The  fur  mutant also had significantly reduced virulence in tomato leaves. The above-mentioned phenotypes significantly recovered when the  Xv fur  mutation allele was complemented with a wild-type  fur  gene. Thus, Fur either negatively or positively regulates multiple important physiological functions in  Xv .

Functional Analysis of the Ferric Uptake Regulator Gene fur in Xanthomonas vesicatoria