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The morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of  Cryptosporidium muris  strain TS03 are described, and the species name  Cryptosporidium proliferans  n. sp. is proposed.  Cryptosporidium proliferans  obtained from a naturally infected East African mole rat ( Tachyoryctes splendens ) in Kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (SCID mice and southern multimammate mice,  Mastomys coucha ) and used in experiments to examine oocyst morphology and transmission. DNA from the propagated  C .  proliferans  isolate, and  C .  proliferans  DNA isolated from the feces of an African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) in Central African Republic, a donkey ( Equus africanus ) in Algeria, and a domestic horse ( Equus caballus ) in the Czech Republic were used for phylogenetic analyses. Oocysts of  C .  proliferans  are morphologically distinguishable from  C .  parvum  and  C .  muris  HZ206, measuring 6.8–8.8 (mean = 7.7 μm) × 4.8–6.2 μm (mean = 5.3) with a length to width ratio of 1.48 (n = 100). Experimental studies using an isolate originated from  T .  splendens  have shown that the course of  C .  proliferans  infection in rodent hosts differs from that of  C .  muris  and  C .  andersoni . The prepatent period of 18–21 days post infection (DPI) for  C .  proliferans  in southern multimammate mice ( Mastomys coucha ) was similar to that of  C .  andersoni  and longer than the 6–8 DPI prepatent period for  C .  muris  RN66 and HZ206 in the same host. Histopatologicaly, stomach glands of southern multimammate mice infected with  C .  proliferans  were markedly dilated and filled with necrotic material, mucus, and numerous  Cryptosporidium  developmental stages. Epithelial cells of infected glands were atrophic, exhibited cuboidal or squamous metaplasia, and significantly proliferated into the lumen of the stomach, forming papillary structures. The epithelial height and stomach weight were six-fold greater than in non-infected controls. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit rRNA,  Cryptosporidium  oocyst wall protein, thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of  Cryptosporidium -1, heat shock protein 70, actin, heat shock protein 90 (MS2), MS1, MS3, and M16 gene sequences revealed that  C .  proliferans  is genetically distinct from  C .  muris  and other previously described  Cryptosporidium  species.

plos one

Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae): Molecular and Biological Evidence of Cryptic Species within Gastric Cryptosporidium of Mammals