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RNA-Seq has proven to be a very powerful tool in the analysis of the  Plum pox virus  (PPV, sharka disease)/ Prunus  interaction. This technique is an important complementary tool to other means of studying genomics. In this work an analysis of gene expression of resistance/susceptibility to PPV in apricot is performed. RNA-Seq has been applied to analyse the gene expression changes induced by PPV infection in leaves from two full-sib apricot genotypes, “Rojo Pasión” and “Z506-7”, resistant and susceptible to PPV, respectively. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the existence of more than 2,000 genes related to the pathogen response and resistance to PPV in apricot. These results showed that the response to infection by the virus in the susceptible genotype is associated with an induction of genes involved in pathogen resistance such as the  allene oxide synthase ,  S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2  and the  major MLP-like protein 423 . Over-expression of the  Dicer protein 2a  may indicate the suppression of a gene silencing mechanism of the plant by PPV HCPro and P1 PPV proteins. On the other hand, there were 164 genes involved in resistance mechanisms that have been identified in apricot, 49 of which are located in the  PPVres  region (scaffold 1 positions from 8,050,804 to 8,244,925), which is responsible for PPV resistance in apricot. Among these genes in apricot there are several  MATH  domain-containing genes, although other genes inside ( Pleiotropic drug resistance 9  gene) or outside (CAP,  Cysteine-rich secretory proteins ,  Antigen 5 and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein ; and LEA,  Late embryogenesis abundant protein )  PPVres  region could also be involved in the resistance.

Gene Expression Analysis of Plum pox virus (Sharka) Susceptibility/Resistance in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)