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Novel interventions are needed to prevent the transmission of the  Plasmodium  parasites that cause malaria. One possible method is to supply mosquitoes with antiplasmodial effector proteins from bacteria by paratransgenesis. Mosquitoes have a diverse complement of midgut microbiota including the Gram-negative bacteria  Asaia bogorensis . This study presents the first use of  Asaia  sp. bacteria for paratransgenesis against  P .  berghei . We identified putative secreted proteins from  A .  bogorensis  by a genetic screen using alkaline phosphatase gene fusions. Two were secreted efficiently: a siderophore receptor protein and a YVTN beta-propeller repeat protein. The siderophore receptor gene was fused with antiplasmodial effector genes including the scorpine antimicrobial peptide and an anti-Pbs21 scFv-Shiva1 immunotoxin.  Asaia  SF2.1 secreting these fusion proteins were fed to mosquitoes and challenged with  Plasmodium berghei -infected blood. With each of these effector constructs, significant inhibition of parasite development was observed. These results provide a novel and promising intervention against malaria transmission.

Inhibition of Plasmodium berghei Development in Mosquitoes by Effector Proteins Secreted from Asaia sp. Bacteria Using a Novel Native Secretion Signal