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Micraspis discolor  (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely distributed coleoptera predator in southern Asia in rice ecosystem, and adult  M .  discolor  feed on both rice pollen and soft-bodied arthropods. Bitrophic bioassay and tritrophic bioassay were conducted to evaluate the potential impact of Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab-expressing rice Huahui 1 and its non-transgenic counterpart Minghui 63 on fitness parameters of adult  M .  discolor . The results showed that the survival, and fecundity of this beetle’ adults were not different when they fed on Bt rice or non-Bt rice pollen or  Nilaparvata lugens  (Stål) reared on  Bt  rice or non- Bt  rice. Toxicity assessment to ensure  M .  discolor  adults were not sensitive to Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac protein independent from the pollen background,  M .  discolor  adults were fed with an artificial diet containing Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab or both protein approximately 10 times higher concentration than in Huahui 1 rice pollen. No difference was detected for any of the life-table parameters tested between Cry protein-containing and pure diet. Artificial diet containing E-64 (N-(trans-Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucine 4-guanidinobutylamide) was included as a positive control. In contrast, the pre-oviposition and fecundity of  M .  discolor  were significantly adversely affected by feeding on E-64-containing diet. In both bioassays, the uptakes of Cry protein by adult  M .  discolor  were tested by ELISA measurements. These results indicated that adults of  M .  discolor  are not affected by Cry1Ab- or Cry1Ac-expressing rice pollen and are not sensitive to Cry protein at concentrations exceeding the levels in rice pollen in Huahui1. This suggests that  M .  discolor  adults would not be harmed by Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab rice if  Bt  rice Huahui 1 were commercialized.

plos one

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac/Cry1Ab Rice Huahui 1 on Adult Micraspis discolor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)