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Among several receptor-like kinases (RLKs), leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are a major group of genes that play crucial roles in growth, development and stress responses in plant systems. Given that they have several functional roles, it is important to investigate their roles in  Brassica rapa . In the present study, 303 LRR-RLKs were identified in the genome of  B .  rapa  and comparative phylogenetic analysis of 1213 combined LRR-RLKs of  B .  rapa ,  Arabidopsis thaliana ,  Oryza sativa  and  Populus trichocarpa  helped us to categorize the gene family into 15 subfamilies based on their sequence and structural similarities. The chromosome localizations of 293 genes allowed the prediction of duplicates, and motif conservation and intron/exon patterns showed differences among the  B .  rapa  LRR-RLK ( BrLRR-RLK ) genes. Additionally, computational function annotation and expression analysis was used to predict their possible functional roles in the plant system. Biochemical results for 11 selected genes showed variations in phosphorylation activity. Interestingly,  BrBAK1  showed strong auto-phosphorylation and trans-phosphorylation on its tyrosine and threonine residues compared with  AtBAK1  in previous studies. The  AtBAK1  receptor kinase is involved in plant growth and development, plant innate immunity, and programmed cell death, and our results suggest that  BrBAK1  might also be involved in the same functions. Another interesting result was that  BrBAK1 ,  BrBRI1 ,  BrPEPR1  and  BrPEPR2  showed activity with both anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-phosphothreonine antibodies, indicating that they might have dual-specificity kinase activity. This study provides comprehensive results for the  BrLRR-RLK s, revealing expansion of the gene family through gene duplications, structural similarities and variations among the genes, and potential functional roles according to gene ontology, transcriptome profiling and biochemical analysis.

Genomic and Post-Translational Modification Analysis of Leucine-Rich-Repeat Receptor-Like Kinases in Brassica rapa