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Calcium, as the most widely accepted messenger, plays an important role in plant stress responses through calcium-dependent signaling pathways. The calmodulin-like family genes ( CMLs ) encode Ca 2+  sensors and function in signaling transduction in response to environmental stimuli. However, until now, the function of plant CML proteins, especially soybean CMLs, is largely unknown. Here, we isolated a  Glycine soja  CML protein GsCML27, with four conserved EF-hands domains, and identified it as a calcium-binding protein through far-UV CD spectroscopy. We further found that expression of  GsCML27  was induced by bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses. Interestingly, ectopic expression of  GsCML27  in  Arabidopsis  enhanced plant tolerance to bicarbonate stress, but decreased the salt and osmotic tolerance during the seed germination and early growth stages. Furthermore, we found that ectopic expression of  GsCML27  decreases salt tolerance through modifying both the cellular ionic (Na + , K + ) content and the osmotic stress regulation.  GsCML27  ectopic expression also decreased the expression levels of osmotic stress-responsive genes. Moreover, we also showed that GsCML27 localized in the whole cell, including cytoplasm, plasma membrane and nucleus in  Arabidopsis  protoplasts and onion epidermal cells, and displayed high expression in roots and embryos. Together, these data present evidence that GsCML27 as a Ca 2+ -binding EF-hand protein plays a role in plant responses to bicarbonate, salt and osmotic stresses.

plos one

GsCML27, a Gene Encoding a Calcium-Binding Ef-Hand Protein from Glycine soja, Plays Differential Roles in Plant Responses to Bicarbonate, Salt and Osmotic Stresses