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Faithful segregation of genetic material during cell division requiresalignment of chromosomes between two spindle poles and attachment of theirkinetochores to each of the poles. Failure of these complex dynamical processesleads to chromosomal instability (CIN), a characteristic feature of severaldiseases including cancer. While a multitude of biological factors regulatingchromosome congression and bi-orientation have been identified, it is stillunclear how they are integrated so that coherent chromosome motion emerges froma large collection of random and deterministic processes. Here we address thisissue by a three dimensional computational model of motor-driven chromosomecongression and bi-orientation during mitosis. Our model reveals thatsuccessful cell division requires control of the total number of microtubules:if this number is too small bi-orientation fails, while if it is too large notall the chromosomes are able to congress. The optimal number of microtubulespredicted by our model compares well with early observations in mammalian cellspindles. Our results shed new light on the origin of several pathologicalconditions related to chromosomal instability.

Role of the Number of Microtubules in Chromosome Segregation during Cell Division