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Plagiogrammaceae, a poorly described family of diatoms, are common inhabitants of the shallow marine littoral zone, occurring either in the sediments or as epiphytes. Previous molecular phylogenies of the Plagiogrammaceae were inferred but included only up to six genera:  Plagiogramma ,  Dimeregramma ,  Neofragilaria ,  Talaroneis ,  Psammogramma  and  Psammoneis . In this paper, we describe a new plagiogrammoid genus,  Orizaformis , obtained from Bohai Sea (China) and present molecular phylogenies of the family based on three and four genes (nuclear-encoded large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs and chloroplast-encoded  rbc L and  psb C). Also included in the new phylogenies is  Glyphodesmis . The phylogenies suggest that the Plagiogrammaceae is composed of two major clades: one consisting of  Talaroneis ,  Orizaformis  and  Psammoneis , and the second of  Glyphodesmis ,  Psammogramma ,  Neofragilaria ,  Dimeregramma  and  Plagiogramma . In addition, we describe three new species within established genera:  Psammoneis obaidii , which was collected from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia; and  Neofragilaria stilus  and  Talaroneis biacutifrons  from the Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean, and illustrate two new combination taxa:  Neofragilaria anomala  and  Neofragilaria lineata . Our observations suggest that the biodiversity of the family is strongly needed to be researched, and the phylogenetic analyses provide a useful framework for future studies of Plagiogrammaceae.

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New Insights into Plagiogrammaceae (Bacillariophyta) Based on Multigene Phylogenies and Morphological Characteristics with the Description of a New Genus and Three New Species