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The global spread of amphibian chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ,  Bd ) is associated with amphibian mass mortality, population decline, and extinction. Over the past decade, concern has been expressed for the potential introduction of  Bd  to Madagascar, a global hotspot of amphibian biodiversity. Following years without detection, widespread  Bd  presence in Madagascar has now been reported (Bletz et al. 2015a), raising international conservation concern. Before reacting to this finding with a significant management response, the accuracy and context of the data warrant cautious review. Re-examination of a 10-year dataset together with results from more recent surveillance (Kolby et al. 2015) does not yet demonstrate widespread  Bd  presence. Detection of  Bd  at “positive” locations in Madagascar has been inconsistent for unknown reasons. Whether  Bd  is established in Madagascar (i.e. populations are self-sustaining) or instead requires continued introduction to persist also remains uncertain. The deployment of emergency conservation rescue initiatives is expected to target areas where the distribution of  Bd  and the risk of chytridiomycosis endangering amphibians is believed to overlap. Thus, erroneous description of  Bd  presence would misdirect limited conservation resources. Standardized surveillance and confirmatory surveys are now imperative to reliably characterize the distribution, potential spread, virulence and overall risk of  Bd  to amphibians in Madagascar.

Amphibian Chytrid Fungus in Madagascar neither Shows Widespread Presence nor Signs of Certain Establishment