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Bursaphelenchus xylophilus  is the pathogen of pine wilt disease.  Bursaphelenchus mucronatus  is similar to  B .  xylophilus  in morphology. Both species share a common niche, but they are quite different in pathogenicity. Presently, the role of bacteria in pine wilt disease development has been widely speculated. The diversity of bacteria associated with  B .  xylophilus  and  B .  mucronatus  with different virulence remains unclear. In this study, virulence of four  B .  xylophilus  and four  B .  mucronatus  strains were evaluated by inoculating  Pinus thunbergii . High-throughput sequencing targeted 16S rDNA of different virulence nematode strains was carried out. The associated bacterial community structures of the eight strains were analyzed. The results showed that 634,051 high-quality sequences were obtained from the eight nematode strains. The number of OTUs of bacteria associated with  B .  mucronatus  was generally greater than those of  B .  xylophilus . The richness of the community of bacteria associated with high virulent  B .  xylophilus  ZL1 and AmA3 was higher than moderately virulent  B .  xylophilus  AA3, HE2, and all  B .  mucronatus  strains. While the diversity of bacteria associated with  B .  mucronatus  was higher than  B .  xylophilus .  Stenotrophomonas , Pseudomonadaceae_Unclassified or Rhizobiaceae_Unclassified were predominant in the nematode strains with different virulence. Oxalobacteraceae and  Achromobacter  were found more abundant in the low virulent  B .  xylophilus  and non-virulent  B .  mucronatus  strains.

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Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus with Different Virulence by High-Throughput Sequencing of the 16S rDNA