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Diarrheal disease remains an unsolved problem in developing countries. The emergence of new etiological agents (non-cholera  vibrios ) is a major cause of concern for health planners. We attempted to unveil the seasonal dynamics of entero-pathogenic  Vibrios  in Gangetic riverine-estuarine ecosystem. 120 surface water samples were collected for a period of one year from 3 sampling sites on the Hooghly river. Five enteropathogenic  Vibrio  species,  V .  cholerae  (35%),  V .  parahaemolyticus  (22.5%),  V .  mimicus  (19.1%),  V .  alginolyticus  (15.8%) and  V .  vulnificus  (11.6%), were present in the water samples. The vibriophages,  V .  vulnificus ɸ  (17.5%),  V .  alginolyticus ɸ  (17.5%),  V .  parahaemolyticus ɸ  (10%),  V .  cholerae  non-O1/O139  ɸ  (26.6%) and  V .  mimicus ɸ  (9.1%), were also detected in these samples. The highest number of  Vibrios  were noted in the monsoon (20–34°C), and to a lesser extent, in the summer (24–36°C) seasons. Samples positive for phages for any of the identified  Vibrio  species were mostly devoid of that particular bacterial organism and  vice versa . The detection of toxin genes and resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in some environmental enteropathogenic  Vibrio  species in the aquatic niches is a significant outcome. This finding is instrumental in the south Bengal diarrhoeal incidence.

Seasonal Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Vibrio and Their Phages in the Riverine Estuarine Ecosystem of South Bengal