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The  FLOWERING LOCUS T  ( FT ) gene is a highly conserved florigen gene among flowering plants. Soybean genome encodes six homologs of  FT , which display flowering activity in  Arabidopsis thaliana . However, their contributions to flowering time in different soybean cultivars, especially in field conditions, are unclear. We employed six soybean cultivars with different maturities to extensively investigate expression patterns of  GmFTL s ( Glycine max FT -like) and  GmCOL s ( Glycine max CO -like) in the field conditions. The results show that  GmFTL3  is an  FT  homolog with the highest transcript abundance in soybean, but other  GmFTL s may also contribute to flower induction with different extents, because they have more or less similar expression patterns in developmental-, leaf-, and circadian-specific modes. And four  GmCOL  genes ( GmCOL1 / 2 / 5 / 13 ) may confer to the expression of  GmFTL  genes. Artificial manipulation of  GmFTL  expression by transgenic strategy (overexpression and RNAi) results in a distinct change in soybean flowering time, indicating that  GmFTL s not only impact on the control of flowering time, but have potential applications in the manipulation of photoperiodic adaptation in soybean. Additionally, transgenic plants show that  GmFTL s play a role in formation of the first flowers and in vegetative growth.

Extensive Analysis of GmFTL and GmCOL Expression in Northern Soybean Cultivars in Field Conditions