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Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens are increasingly threatening animals and plants globally. Amongst oomycetes,  Saprolegnia  species adversely affect wild and cultivated populations of amphibians and fish, leading to substantial reductions in biodiversity and food productivity. With the ban of several chemical control measures, new sustainable methods are needed to mitigate  Saprolegnia  infections in aquaculture. Here, PhyloChip-based community analyses showed that the Pseudomonadales, particularly  Pseudomonas  species, represent one of the largest bacterial orders associated with salmon eggs from a commercial hatchery. Among the  Pseudomonas  species isolated from salmon eggs, significantly more biosurfactant producers were retrieved from healthy salmon eggs than from  Saprolegnia -infected eggs. Subsequent  in vivo  activity bioassays showed that  Pseudomonas  isolate H6 significantly reduced salmon egg mortality caused by  Saprolegnia diclina . Live colony mass spectrometry showed that strain H6 produces a viscosin-like lipopeptide surfactant. This biosurfactant inhibited growth of  Saprolegnia in vitro , but no significant protection of salmon eggs against Saprolegniosis was observed. These results indicate that live inocula of aquatic  Pseudomonas  strains, instead of their bioactive compound, can provide new (micro)biological and sustainable means to mitigate oomycete diseases in aquaculture.

Diversity of Aquatic Pseudomonas Species and Their Activity against the Fish Pathogenic Oomycete Saprolegnia