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Background  Microbial dysbiosis and prolonged immune activation resulting in low-grade inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction have been suggested to be underlying causes of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in cytokine response between mucosal specimens of PI-IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) after  ex vivo  stimulation with key anaerobic bacteria.    Methods  Colonic biopsies from 11 PI-IBS patients and 10 HC were stimulated  ex vivo  with the commensal bacteria  Bacteroides ovatus ,  Ruminococcus gnavus ,  Akkermansia muciniphila ,  Subdoligranulum variabile and Eubacterium limosum , respectively. The cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ) in stimulation supernatants was analyzed using the LUMINEX assay. Comparison of cytokine release between PI-IBS patients and healthy controls was performed taking both unstimulated and bacterially stimulated mucosal specimens into account.    Key Results  IL-13 release from mucosal specimens without bacterial stimulation was significantly lower in PI-IBS patients compared to HC  (p < 0 . 05) . After stimulation with  Subdoligranulum variabile , IL-1β release from PI-IBS patients was significantly increased compared to HC  (p < 0 . 05) . Stimulation with  Eubacterium limosum  resulted in a significantly decreased IL-10 release in HC compared to PI-IBS patients  (p < 0 . 05)  and a tendency to decreased IL-13 release in HC compared to PI-IBS patients  (p = 0 . 07) .    Conclusions & Inferences  PI-IBS patients differ from HC with regard to cytokine release  ex vivo  after stimulation with selected commensal bacteria. Hence, our results support that the pathogenesis of PI-IBS comprises an altered immune response against commensal gut microbes.

plos one

Cytokine Response after Stimulation with Key Commensal Bacteria Differ in Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) Patients Compared to Healthy Controls