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The  Smyd  gene family code for proteins containing a conserved core consisting of a SET domain interrupted by a MYND zinc finger. Smyd proteins are important in epigenetic control of development and carcinogenesis, through posttranslational modifications in histones and other proteins. Previous reports indicated that the  Smyd  family is quite variable in metazoans, so a rigorous phylogenetic reconstruction of this complex gene family is of central importance to understand its evolutionary history and functional diversification or conservation. We have performed a phylogenetic analysis of Smyd protein sequences, and our results show that the extant metazoan  Smyd  genes can be classified in three main classes,  Smyd3  (which includes chordate-specific  Smyd1  and  Smyd2  genes),  Smyd4  and  Smyd5 . In addition, there is an arthropod-specific class,  SmydA . While the evolutionary history of the  Smyd3  and  Smyd5  classes is relatively simple, the  Smyd4  class has suffered several events of gene loss, gene duplication and lineage-specific expansions in the animal phyla included in our analysis. A more specific study of the four  Smyd4  genes in  Drosophila melanogaster  shows that they are not redundant, since their patterns of expression are different and knock-down of individual genes can have dramatic phenotypes despite the presence of the other family members.

plos one

Evolutionary History of the Smyd Gene Family in Metazoans: A Framework to Identify the Orthologs of Human Smyd Genes in Drosophila and Other Animal Species