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The  SbASR-1  gene, cloned from a halophyte  Salicornia brachiata , encodes a plant-specific hydrophilic and stress responsive protein. The genome of  S .  brachiata  has two paralogs of the  SbASR-1  gene (2549 bp), which is comprised of a single intron of 1611 bp, the largest intron of the  abscisic acid stress ripening [ ASR ] gene family yet reported.  In silico  analysis of the 843-bp putative promoter revealed the presence of ABA, biotic stress, dehydration, phytohormone, salinity, and sugar responsive  cis -regulatory motifs. The  Sb ASR-1 protein belongs to Group 7 LEA protein family with different amino acid composition compared to their glycophytic homologs. Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) was found on the C-terminal end of protein and localization study confirmed that  Sb ASR-1 is a nuclear protein. Furthermore, transgenic groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) plants over-expressing the  SbASR-1  gene constitutively showed enhanced salinity and drought stress tolerance in the T1 generation. Leaves of transgenic lines exhibited higher chlorophyll and relative water contents and lower electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, proline, sugars, and starch accumulation under stress treatments than wild-type (Wt) plants. Also, lower accumulation of H 2 O 2  and O 2   .-  radicals was detected in transgenic lines compared to Wt plants under stress conditions. Transcript expression of  APX  (ascorbate peroxidase) and  CAT  (catalase) genes were higher in Wt plants, whereas the  SOD  (superoxide dismutase) transcripts were higher in transgenic lines under stress. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that the  Sb ASR-1 protein binds at the consensus sequence (C/G/A)(G/T)CC(C/G)(C/G/A)(A/T). Based on results of the present study, it may be concluded that  Sb ASR-1 enhances the salinity and drought stress tolerance in transgenic groundnut by functioning as a LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein and a transcription factor.

plos one

Introgression of the SbASR-1 Gene Cloned from a Halophyte Salicornia brachiata Enhances Salinity and Drought Endurance in Transgenic Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and Acts as a Transcription Factor