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Heat shock proteins ( Hsps ) are highly conserved molecular chaperones that are synthesized in response to stress. In this study, we cloned the full-length sequences of the  Grp78  (glucose-regulated protein 78),  Hsp70 ,  Hsp90 , and  Hsp40  genes from the Chinese rice grasshopper  Oxya chinensis . The full-length cDNA sequences of  OcGrp78 ,  OcHsp70 ,  OcHsp90 , and  OcHsp40  contain open reading frames of 1947, 1920, 2172, and 1042 bp that encode proteins of 649, 640, 724, and 347 amino acids, respectively. Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify the relative transcript levels of these  Hsp  genes in different tissues and developmental stages. The mRNAs encoding these four  Hsp  genes were present at all developmental stages and in all tissues examined but were expressed at varying levels. Additionally, we investigated the mRNA expression profiles of these four  Hsps  in  O .  chinensis  subjected to Cadmium (Cd) stress.  OcGrp78 ,  OcHsp70 ,  OcHsp90 , and  OcHsp40  mRNA expression was induced under acute Cd stress; the levels reached a maximum within a short time (6 h), were reduced significantly at 12 h, and were lowered to or below control levels by 48 h. Regarding induction efficiency,  OcHsp70  was the most sensitive gene to acute Cd stress. Chronic Cd exposure showed that dietary Cd treatment induced increased  OcGrp78 ,  OcHsp90 , and  OcHsp40  expression. However, dietary Cd induced a significant reduction of  OcHsp70  expression. In the period tested, no significant difference in the mortality of the grasshoppers was observed. Our results suggest that these four  Hsps  genes, especially  OcHsp70 , are sensitive to acute Cd stress and could be used as molecular markers for toxicology studies. However, our results also indicate that  OcHsp70  is not suitable for use as a molecular marker of chronic Cd contamination.

Molecular Cloning and mRNA Expression of Heat Shock Protein Genes and Their Response to Cadmium Stress in the Grasshopper Oxya chinensis