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The paper addresses the phylogeny and classification of the hydrothermal vent shrimp family Alvinocarididae. Two morphological cladistic analyses were carried out, which use all 31 recognized species of Alvinocarididae as terminal taxa. As outgroups, two species were included, both representing major caridean clades:  Acanthephyra purpurea  (Acanthephyridae) and  Alpheus echiurophilus  (Alpheidae). For additional support of the clades we utilised available data on mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase I gene (CO1) and 16S ribosomal markers. Both morphological and molecular methods resulted in similar tree topologies and nearly identical clades. We consider these clades as evolutionary units and thus erect two new subfamilies: Rimicaridinae ( Alvinocaridinides ,  Manuscaris ,  Opaepele ,  Shinkaicaris ,  Rimicaris ), Alvinocaridinae ( Alvinocaris ), whilst recognising Mirocaridinae (with genera  Mirocaris  and  Nautilocaris ) at subfamily level. One genus,  Keldyshicaris  could not be assigned to any subfamily and is thus left as incertae sedis. The monophyly of Alvinocardinae was supported by morphological data, but not supported by molecular data (two analyses); the monophyly of all subfamilies was supported both by morphological and molecular data.  Chorocaris  is herein synonymized with  Rimicaris , whilst  Opaepele vavilovi  is herein transferred to a new genus  Keldyshicaris . Morphological trends within Alvinocarididae are discussed and short biogeographical remarks are given. We provide emended diagnoses for all subfamilies and genera along with keys to all recognized species.

Phylogeny and New Classification of Hydrothermal Vent and Seep Shrimps of the Family Alvinocarididae (Decapoda)