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Fragaria × ananassa  (common name: strawberry) is a globally cultivated hybrid species belonging to  Rosaceae  family.  Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato  ( s . l .) is considered to be the second most economically important pathogen worldwide affecting strawberries. A collection of 148  Colletotrichum  spp. isolates including 67  C .  acutatum s . l . isolates associated with the phytosanitary history of UK strawberry production were used to characterize multi-locus genetic variation of this pathogen in the UK, relative to additional reference isolates that represent a worldwide sampling of the diversity of the fungus. The evidence indicates that three different species  C .  nymphaeae ,  C .  godetiae  and  C .  fioriniae  are associated with strawberry production in the UK, which correspond to previously designated genetic groups A2, A4 and A3, respectively. Among these species, 12 distinct haplotypes were identified suggesting multiple introductions into the country. A subset of isolates was also used to compare aggressiveness in causing disease on strawberry plants and fruits. Isolates belonging to  C .  nymphaeae ,  C .  godetiae  and  C .  fioriniae  representative of the UK anthracnose pathogen populations showed variation in their aggressiveness. Among the three species,  C .  nymphaeae  and  C .  fioriniae  appeared to be more aggressive compared to  C .  godetiae . This study highlights the genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity of the  C .  acutatum s . l . populations introduced into the UK linked to strawberry production.

plos one

Molecular Diversity of Anthracnose Pathogen Populations Associated with UK Strawberry Production Suggests Multiple Introductions of Three Different Colletotrichum Species