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Measurement of  Wisteria floribunda  agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein (WFA + -M2BP) in serum was recently shown to be a noninvasive method to assess liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of serum WFA + -M2BP values to predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) by interferon treatment. For this purpose, we retrospectively analyzed 238 patients with SVR who were treated with interferon in our department. Serum WFA + -M2BP values were measured at pre-treatment (pre-Tx), post-treatment (24 weeks after completion of interferon; post-Tx), the time of HCC diagnosis, and the last clinical visit. Of 238 patients with SVR, HCC developed in 16 (6.8%) patients. The average follow-up period was 9.1 years. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 3.4% at 5 years and 7.5% at 10 years. The median pre-Tx and post-Tx WFA + -M2BP values were 1.69 (range: 0.28 to 12.04 cutoff index (COI)) and 0.80 (range: 0.17 to 5.29 COI), respectively. The WFA + -M2BP values decreased significantly after SVR ( P  < 0.001). The median post-Tx WFA + -M2BP value in patients who developed HCC was significantly higher than that in patients who did not ( P  < 0.01). Multivariate analysis disclosed that age (> 60 years), sex (male), pre-Tx platelet count (< 15.0×10 3 /μL), and post-Tx WFA + -M2BP (> 2.0 COI) were associated with the development of HCC after SVR.   Conclusion  Post-Tx WFA + -M2BP (> 2.0 COI) is associated with the risk for development of HCC among patients with SVR. The WFA + -M2BP values could be a new predictor for HCC after SVR.

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Serum Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Mac-2 Binding Protein Values Predict the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C after Sustained Virological Response