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Clinical studies have shown that probiotics influence gastrointestinal motility. However, the molecular mechanisms by which probiotic  Lactobacillus  modulates intestinal motility in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model have not been explored. In the present study, we provided evidence showing that treatment of TBI mice with  Lactobacillus acidophilus  significantly improved the terminal ileum villus morphology, restored the impaired interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and the disrupted ICC networks after TBI, and prevented TBI-mediated inhibition of contractile activity in intestinal smooth muscle. Mechanistically, the decreased concentration of MLCK, phospho-MLC 20  and phospho-MYPT1 and increased concentration of MLCP and PKC were observed after TBI, and these events mediated by TBI were efficiently prevented by  Lactobacillus acidophilus  application. These findings may provide a novel mechanistic basis for the application of  Lactobacillus acidophilus  in the treatment of TBI.

The Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the Intestinal Smooth Muscle Contraction through PKC/MLCK/MLC Signaling Pathway in TBI Mouse Model