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Background and Trophic Diversity Study  Lake Turkana is an understudied desert lake shared by Kenya and Ethiopia. This system is at the precipice of large-scale changes in ecological function due to climate change and economic development along its major inflowing river, the Omo River. To anticipate response by the fish community to these changes, we quantified trophic diversity for seven ecological disparate species ( Alestes baremose ,  Hydrocynus forskalli ,  Labeo horie ,  Lates niloticus ,  Oreochromis niloticus ,  Synodontis schall , and  Tilapia zillii ) using stable isotopes. Based on their marked morphological differentiation, we postulated that dietary niches of these species would be similar in size but show little overlap. The degree of trophic diversity varied greatly among the species studied, refuting our hypothesis regarding dietary niche size.  Oreochromis niloticus  and  L .  niloticus  had the highest trophic diversity and significantly larger dietary niches than  T .  zillii ,  A .  baremose  and  H .  forskalli . Low overlap among the dietary niches of the seven species, with the exception of the synodontid catfish  S .  schall , is consistent with our second hypothesis.    Predicting Species’ Vulnerability  Breeding vulnerability was highest among those species with the lowest trophic diversity. We predict that in suffering two strikes against them,  A .  baremose ,  H .  forskalli ,  T .  zillii , and  L .  horie  will be most affected by the highly altered Lake Turkana ecosystem and that  O .  niloticus ,  L .  niloticus  and  S .  schall  will be least affected. Low vulnerability among  O .  niloticus  and  L .  niloticus  is promising for the future of the lake’s fishery, but the third most important fishery species ( L .  horie ) will be highly vulnerable to impending ecosystem change.  T .  zillii  should be treated as separate from  O .  niloticus  in the fishery given higher sensitivity and a different ecological role. We see potential for expansion of the fishery for  S .  schall  but don’t recommend the development of a fishery for  A .  baremose  and  H .  forskalli .

Predicting Species’ Vulnerability in a Massively Perturbed System: The Fishes of Lake Turkana, Kenya