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Hydrogen gas functions as a key component in the metabolism of a wide variety of microorganisms, often acting as either a fermentative end-product or an energy source. The number of organisms reported to utilize hydrogen continues to grow, contributing to and expanding our knowledge of biological hydrogen processes. Here we demonstrate that  Volvox carteri  f.  nagariensis , a multicellular green alga with differentiated cells, evolves H 2  both when supplied with an abiotic electron donor and under physiological conditions. The genome of  Volvox carteri  contains two genes encoding putative [FeFe]-hydrogenases ( HYDA1  and  HYDA2 ), and the transcripts for these genes accumulate under anaerobic conditions. The  HYDA1  and  HYDA2  gene products were cloned, expressed, and purified, and both are functional [FeFe]-hydrogenases. Additionally, within the genome the  HYDA1  and  HYDA2  genes cluster with two putative genes which encode hydrogenase maturation proteins. This gene cluster resembles operon-like structures found within bacterial genomes and may provide further insight into evolutionary relationships between bacterial and algal [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes.

Characterization of Hydrogen Metabolism in the Multicellular Green Alga Volvox carteri