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The number of cotton ( Gossypium  sp.) ovule epidermal cells differentiating into fiber initials is an important factor affecting cotton yield and fiber quality. Despite extensive efforts in determining the molecular mechanisms regulating fiber initial differentiation, only a few genes responsible for fiber initial differentiation have been discovered. To identify putative genes directly involved in the fiber initiation process, we used a cotton ovule culture technique that controls the timing of fiber initial differentiation by exogenous phytohormone application in combination with comparative expression analyses between wild type and three fiberless mutants. The addition of exogenous auxin and gibberellins to pre-anthesis wild type ovules that did not have visible fiber initials increased the expression of genes affecting auxin, ethylene, ABA and jasmonic acid signaling pathways within 1 h after treatment. Most transcripts expressed differentially by the phytohormone treatment  in vitro  were also differentially expressed in the ovules of wild type and fiberless mutants that were grown  in planta . In addition to  MYB25-like , a gene that was previously shown to be associated with the differentiation of fiber initials, several other differentially expressed genes, including  auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA)  involved in auxin signaling,  ACC oxidase  involved in ethylene biosynthesis, and  abscisic acid  (ABA)  8'-hydroxylase  an enzyme that controls the rate of ABA catabolism, were co-regulated in the pre-anthesis ovules of both wild type and fiberless mutants. These results support the hypothesis that phytohormonal signaling networks regulate the temporal expression of genes responsible for differentiation of cotton fiber initials  in vitro  and  in planta .

Phytohormonal Networks Promote Differentiation of Fiber Initials on Pre-Anthesis Cotton Ovules Grown In Vitro and In Planta