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Background  There is controversy about the effect of  Helicobacter pylori  ( H .  pylori ) eradication on the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection (ER).    Aims  The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of  H .  pylori  eradication on the prevention of metachronous gastric lesions after ER of gastric neoplasms.    Methods  We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE that encompassed studies through April 2014. Our meta-analysis consisted of 10 studies, which included 5881 patients who underwent ER of gastric neoplasms.    Results  When we compared the incidence of metachronous lesions between  H .  pylori -eradicated and non-eradicated groups,  H .  pylori  eradication significantly lowered the risk of metachronous lesions after ER of gastric neoplasms (five studies, OR = 0.392, 95% CI 0.259 – 0.593,  P <  0.001). When we compared  H .  pylori -eradicated and persistent groups, again,  H .  pylori  eradication significantly lowered the incidence of metachronous lesions after ER of gastric neoplasms (six studies, OR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.326 – 0.673,  P <  0.001). There was no obvious heterogeneity across the analyzed studies.    Conclusions  This meta-analysis suggests a preventive role for  H .  pylori  eradication for metachronous gastric lesions after ER of gastric neoplasms. Thus,  H .  pylori  eradication should be considered if  H .  pylori  infection is confirmed during ER.

Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Prevention of Metachronous Lesions after Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasm: A Meta-Analysis