English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity and host plant races of  M .  vitrata  population in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) gene was used to understand the phylogenetic relationship of geographically different  M .  vitrata  population, but previous studies did not include population from Southeast Asia, the probable center of origin for  Maruca , and from east Africa. Extensive sampling was done from different host plant species in target countries. Reference populations from Oceania and Latin America were used. An amplicon of 658 bp was produced by polymerase chain reaction, and 64 haplotypes were identified in 686  M .  vitrata  individuals. Phylogenetic analysis showed no difference among the  M .  vitrata  population from different host plants. However, the results suggested that  M .  vitrata  has formed two putative subspecies (which cannot be differentiated based on morphological characters) in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, as indicated by the high pairwise  F ST   values (0.44–0.85). The extremely high  F ST   values (≥0.93) of  Maruca  population in Latin America and Oceania compared to Asian and African population seem to indicate a different species. On the continental or larger geographical region basis, the genetic differentiation is significantly correlated with the geographical distance. In addition, two putative species of  Maruca , including  M .  vitrata  occur in Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The negative Tajima’s  D  and Fu’s  F S   values showed the recent demographic expansion of  Maruca  population. The haplotype network and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses confirmed the results of phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of three putative  Maruca  species, including one in Latin America, one in Oceania (including Indonesia) and  M .  vitrata  in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Hence, the genetic differences in  Maruca  population should be carefully considered while designing the pest management strategies in different regions.

Phylogeographical Structure in Mitochondrial DNA of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata) Population in Tropical Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa