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High throughput sequencing was used to examine the rumen microbiota of sika deer fed high (OLH) and low concentration (OLL) of tannin rich oak leaves. The results showed that  Prevotella  spp. were the most dominant bacteria. The most predominant methanogens were the members of the order Methanoplasmatales. The dominant rumen protozoa were  Entodinium longinucleatum ,  Eudiplodinium maggii , and  Epidinium caudatum , and the fungal communities were mostly represented by  Piromyces  spp. Moreover, the relative abundance of  Pseudobutyrivibrio  spp. (P=0.026), unidentified bacteria (P=0.028), and  Prevotella  spp. (P=0.022) was lower in the OLH group than in the OLL group. The concentration of propionate in the OLH group was greater than in the OLL group (P=0.006). Patterns of relationships showed that methanogens belonging to the order Methanoplasmatales were negatively correlated with  Treponema  spp.,  Ent .  Longinucleatum , and acetate.  Methanosphaera stadtmanae  was positively correlated to propionate, while  Methanobrevibacter ruminantium  was negatively associated with  Methanobrevibacter thaueri  and  Methanobrevibacter millerae . Tannins altered the rumen microbes and fermentation patterns. However, the response of the entire rumen microbiota and the relationship between rumen microorganisms and the fermentation parameters were not fully understood.

Response of the Rumen Microbiota of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Fed Different Concentrations of Tannin Rich Plants