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Nicotiana benthamiana  is a model plant utilised internationally in plant virology because of its apparent hyper-susceptibility to virus infection. Previously, others showed that all laboratory accessions of  N .  benthamiana  have a very narrow genetic basis, probably originating from a single source. It is unknown if responses to virus infection exhibited by the laboratory accession are typical of the species as a whole. To test this, 23 accessions of  N .  benthamiana  were collected from wild populations and challenged with one to four viruses. Additionally, accessions of 21 other  Nicotiana  species and subspecies from Australia, one from Peru and one from Namibia were tested for susceptibility to the viruses, and for the presence of a mutated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase I allele ( Nb-RDR1m ) described previously from a laboratory accession of  N .  benthamiana . All Australian  Nicotiana  accessions tested were susceptible to virus infections, although there was symptom variability within and between species. The most striking difference was that plants of a laboratory accession of  N .  benthamiana  (RA-4) exhibited hypersensitivity to Yellow tailflower mild mottle tobamovirus infection and died, whereas plants of wild  N .  benthamiana  accessions responded with non-necrotic symptoms. Plants of certain  N .  occidentalis  accessions also exhibited initial hypersensitivity to Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus resembling that of  N .  benthamiana  RA-4 plants, but later recovered. The mutant  Nb-RDR1m  allele was identified from  N .  benthamiana  RA-4 but not from any of 51 other  Nicotiana  accessions, including wild accessions of  N .  benthamiana , demonstrating that the accession of  N .  benthamiana  used widely in laboratories is unusual.

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Differential Responses to Virus Challenge of Laboratory and Wild Accessions of Australian Species of Nicotiana, and Comparative Analysis of RDR1 Gene Sequences