English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The microbiota is required for optimal host development and ongoing immune homeostasis.  Lactobacilli  are common inhabitants of the mammalian large intestine and immunoregulatory effects have been described for certain, but not all, strains. The mechanisms underpinning these protective effects are beginning to be elucidated. One such protective organism is  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  JB-1 ( Lb .  rhamnosus  JB-1).  Lb .  murinus  has no such anti-inflammatory protective effects and was used as a comparator organism. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were co-incubated with bacteria and analysed over time for bacterial adhesion and intracellular processing, costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine secretion and induction of lymphocyte polarization. Neutralising antibodies were utilized to identify the responsible MDDC receptors.  Lb .  rhamnosus  JB-1 adhered to MDDCs, but internalization and intracellular processing was significantly delayed, compared to  Lb .  murinus  which was rapidly internalized and processed.  Lb .  murinus  induced CD80 and CD86 expression, accompanied by high levels of cytokine secretion, while  Lb .  rhamnosus  JB-1 was a poor inducer of costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine secretion.  Lb .  rhamnosus  JB-1 primed MDDCs induced Foxp3 expression in autologous lymphocytes, while  Lb .  murinus  primed MDDCs induced Foxp3, T-bet and Ror-γt expression. DC-SIGN was required for  Lb .  rhamnosus  JB-1 adhesion and influenced IL-12 secretion, while TLR-2 influenced IL-10 and IL-12 secretion. Here we demonstrate that the delayed kinetics of bacterial processing by MDDCs correlates with MDDC activation and stimulation of lymphocytes. Thus, inhibition or delay of intracellular processing may be a novel strategy by which certain commensals may avoid the induction of proinflammatory responses.

Human Dendritic Cell DC-SIGN and TLR-2 Mediate Complementary Immune Regulatory Activities in Response to Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1