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Potyviruses are one of the most destructive viral pathogens of Solanaceae plants. In  Capsicum annuum  landrace CM334, a broad-spectrum gene,  Pvr4  is known to be involved in resistance against multiple potyviruses, including  Pepper mottle virus  (PepMoV),  Pepper severe mosaic virus  (PepSMV), and  Potato virus Y  (PVY). However, a potyvirus avirulence factor against Pvr4 has not been identified. To identify the avirulence factor corresponding to Pvr4 in potyviruses, we performed  Agrobacterium -mediated transient expressions of potyvirus protein coding regions in potyvirus-resistant ( Pvr4 ) and -susceptible ( pvr4 ) pepper plants. Hypersensitive response (HR) was observed only when a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) of PepMoV, PepSMV, or PVY was expressed in  Pvr4 -bearing pepper leaves in a genotype-specific manner. In contrast, HR was not observed when the NIb of  Tobacco etch virus  (TEV), a virulent potyvirus, was expressed in  Pvr4 -bearing pepper leaves. Our results clearly demonstrate that NIbs of PepMoV, PepSMV, and PVY serve as avirulence factors for Pvr4 in pepper plants.

RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (NIb) of the Potyviruses Is an Avirulence Factor for the Broad-Spectrum Resistance Gene Pvr4 in Capsicum annuum cv. CM334