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We surveyed 113 astronomers and 82 psychologists active in applying forfederally funded research on their grant-writing history between January, 2009and November, 2012. We collected demographic data, effort levels, successrates, and perceived non-financial benefits from writing grant proposals. Wefind that the average proposal takes 116 PI hours and 55 CI hours to write;although time spent writing was not related to whether the grant was funded.Effort did translate into success, however, as academics who wrote more grantsreceived more funding. Participants indicated modest non-monetary benefits fromgrant writing, with psychologists reporting a somewhat greater benefit overallthan astronomers. These perceptions of non-financial benefits were unrelated tohow many grants investigators applied for, the number of grants they received,or the amount of time they devoted to writing their proposals. We also exploredthe number of years an investigator can afford to apply unsuccessfully forresearch grants and our analyses suggest that funding rates below approximately20%, commensurate with current NIH and NSF funding, are likely to drive atleast half of the active researchers away from federally funded research. Weconclude with recommendations and suggestions for individual investigators andfor department heads.

To Apply or Not to Apply: A Survey Analysis of Grant Writing Costs and Benefits