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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding, small RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Although plant miRNAs have been extensively studied in model systems, less is known in other plants with limited genome sequence data, including  Paeonia ostii . In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing to identify conserved and nonconserved miRNAs and other short RNAs in  Paeonia ostii  under control and copper stressed condition. 102 previously known plant miRNAs were identified and classified into 89 families according to their gene sequence identity. Some miRNAs were highly conserved in the plant kingdom suggesting that these miRNA play important and conserved roles. Combined our transcriptome sequencing data of  Paeonia ostii  under same conditions, 34 novel potential miRNAs were identified. The potential targets of the identified known and novel miRNAs were also predicted based on sequence homology search. Comparing the two libraries, it was observed that 12 conserved miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs showed significantly changes in response to copper stress. Some of the new identified potential miRNAs might be involved in  Paeonia ostii -specific regulating mechanisms under copper stress. These results provide a framework for further analysis of miRNAs and their role in regulating  Paeonia ostii  response to copper stress.

Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs from Tree Peony (Paeonia ostii) and Their Response to Copper Stress