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Vibrio   parahaemolyticus  is an important human pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood. Consistent multilocus sequence typing for  V. parahaemolyticus  has shown difficulties in the amplification of the  recA  gene by PCR associated with a lack of amplification or a larger PCR product than expected. In one strain (090–96, Peru, 1996), the produced PCR product was determined to be composed of two  recA  fragments derived from different  Vibrio  species. To better understand this phenomenon, we sequenced the whole genome of this strain. The hybrid  recA  gene was found to be the result of a fragmentation of the original lineage-specific  recA  gene resulting from a DNA insertion of approximately 30 kb in length. This insert had a G+C content of 38.8%, lower than that of the average G+C content of  V. parahaemolyticus  (45.2%), and contained 19 ORFs, including a complete  recA  gene. This new acquired  recA  gene deviated 24% in sequence from the original  recA  and was distantly related to  recA  genes from bacteria of the  Vibrionaceae  family. The reconstruction of the original  recA  gene (recA3) identified the precursor as belonging to ST189, a sequence type reported previously only in Asian countries. The identification of this singular genetic feature in strains from Asia reveals new evidence for genetic connectivity between  V. parahaemolyticus  populations at both sides of the Pacific Ocean that, in addition to the previously described pandemic clone, supports the existence of a recurrent transoceanic spreading of pathogenic  V. parahaemolyticus  with the corresponding potential risk of pandemic expansion.

Transoceanic Spreading of Pathogenic Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with Distinctive Genetic Signatures in the recA Gene