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Therizinosaurs represent a highly unusual clade of herbivorous theropods from the Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Following descriptions of the basicrania of the North American therizinosaurs  Falcarius utahenisis  and  Nothronychus mckinleyi , the craniocervical musculature in both taxa is reconstructed using  Tyrannosaurus ,  Allosaurus , and some extant birds as models. These muscles are subdivided into functional groups as dorsiflexors, lateroflexors, and ventroflexors. Lateroflexors and dorsiflexors in  Nothronychus , but not  Falcarius , are reduced, from the plesiomorphic theropod condition, but are still well developed. Attachments in both genera are favorable for an increase in ventroflexion in feeding, convergent with  Allosaurus fragilis .  Falcarius  and  Nothronychus  are both characterized by a flat occipital condyle, followed by centra with shallow articular facets suggesting neck function very similar to that of an ostrich  Struthio camelus . Neck movement was a combined result of minimal movement between the individual cervical vertebrae.

Craniocervical Myology and Functional Morphology of the Small-Headed Therizinosaurian Theropods Falcarius utahensis and Nothronychus mckinleyi