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Penicillium   digitatum  is the most destructive postharvest pathogen of citrus fruits, causing fruit decay and economic loss. Additionally, control of the disease is further complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains due to the extensive use of triazole antifungal drugs. In this work, an orthologus gene encoding a putative sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) was identified in the genome of  P .  digitatum  and named  sreA . The putative SreA protein contains a conserved domain of unknown function (DUF2014) at its carboxyl terminus and a helix-loop-helix (HLH) leucine zipper DNA binding domain at its amino terminus, domains that are functionally associated with SREBP transcription factors. The deletion of  sreA  (ΔsreA) in a prochloraz-resistant strain (PdHS-F6) by  Agrobacterium   tumefaciens -mediated transformation led to increased susceptibility to prochloraz and a significantly lower EC 50  value compared with the HS-F6 wild-type or complementation strain (CO sreA ). A virulence assay showed that the Δ sreA  strain was defective in virulence towards citrus fruits, while the complementation of  sreA  could restore the virulence to a large extent. Further analysis by quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that prochloraz-induced expression of  cyp51A  and  cyp51B  in PdHS-F6 was completely abolished in the Δ sreA  strain. These results demonstrate that  sreA  is a critical transcription factor gene required for prochloraz resistance and full virulence in  P .  digitatum  and is involved in the regulation of  cyp51  expression.

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A Novel Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Gene (sreA) Identified in Penicillium digitatum Is Required for Prochloraz Resistance, Full Virulence and erg11 (cyp51) Regulation