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We report here that (4 R ,9 Z )-hexadec-9-en-4-olide [( R ) - desmolactone] is a sex attractant or sex pheromone for multiple species and subspecies in the cerambycid genus  Desmocerus.  This compound was previously identified as a female-produced sex attractant pheromone of  Desmocerus californicus californicus . Headspace volatiles from female  Desmocerus aureipennis aureipennis  contained ( R ) - desmolactone, and the antennae of adult males of two species responded strongly to synthetic ( R ) - desmolactone in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses. In field bioassays in California, Oregon, and British Columbia, traps baited with synthetic ( R ) - desmolactone captured males of several  Desmocerus  species and subspecies. Only male beetles were captured, indicating that this compound acts as a sex-specific attractant, rather than as a signal for aggregation. In targeted field bioassays, males of the US federally threatened subspecies  Desmocerus californicus dimorphus  responded to the synthetic attractant in a dose dependent manner. Our results represent the first example of a “generic” sex pheromone used by multiple species in the subfamily Lepturinae, and demonstrate that pheromone-baited traps may be a sensitive and efficient method of monitoring the threatened species  Desmocerus californicus dimorphus , commonly known as the valley elderberry longhorn beetle.

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(R)-Desmolactone Is a Sex Pheromone or Sex Attractant for the Endangered Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus and Several Congeners (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae)