English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Babesia microti  and  Borrelia burgdorferi , the respective causative agents of human babesiosis and Lyme disease, are maintained in their enzootic cycles by the blacklegged tick ( Ixodes scapularis ) and use the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ) as primary reservoir host. The geographic range of both pathogens has expanded in the United States, but the spread of babesiosis has lagged behind that of Lyme disease. Several studies have estimated the basic reproduction number ( R   0 ) for  B. microti  to be below the threshold for persistence (<1), a finding that is inconsistent with the persistence and geographic expansion of this pathogen. We tested the hypothesis that host coinfection with  B. burgdorferi  increases the likelihood of  B. microti  transmission and establishment in new areas. We fed  I. scapularis  larva on  P. leucopus  mice that had been infected in the laboratory with  B. microti  and/or  B. burgdorferi . We observed that coinfection in mice increases the frequency of  B. microti  infected ticks. To identify the ecological variables that would increase the probability of  B. microti  establishment in the field, we integrated our laboratory data with field data on tick burden and feeding activity in an  R   0  model. Our model predicts that high prevalence of  B. burgdorferi  infected mice lowers the ecological threshold for  B. microti  establishment, especially at sites where larval burden on  P. leucopus  is lower and where larvae feed simultaneously or soon after nymphs infect mice, when most of the transmission enhancement due to coinfection occurs. Our studies suggest that  B. burgdorferi  contributes to the emergence and expansion of  B. microti  and provides a model to predict the ecological factors that are sufficient for emergence of  B. microti  in the wild.

Borrelia burgdorferi Promotes the Establishment of Babesia microti in the Northeastern United States