English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Brachypodium distachyon  is a model for the temperate cereals and grasses and has a biology, genomics infrastructure and cytogenetic platform fit for purpose. It is a member of a genus with fewer than 20 species, which have different genome sizes, basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. The phylogeny and interspecific relationships of this group have not to date been resolved by sequence comparisons and karyotypical studies. The aims of this study are not only to reconstruct the evolution of  Brachypodium  karyotypes to resolve the phylogeny, but also to highlight the mechanisms that shape the evolution of grass genomes. This was achieved through the use of comparative chromosome painting (CCP) which hybridises fluorescent, chromosome-specific probes derived from  B. distachyon  to homoeologous meiotic chromosomes of its close relatives. The study included five diploids ( B. distachyon  2n = 10,  B. sylvaticum  2n = 18,  B. pinnatum  2n = 16; 2n = 18,  B. arbuscula  2n = 18 and  B. stacei  2n = 20) three allotetraploids ( B. pinnatum  2n = 28,  B. phoenicoides  2n = 28 and  B. hybridum  2n = 30), and two species of unknown ploidy ( B. retusum  2n = 38 and  B. mexicanum  2n = 40). On the basis of the patterns of hybridisation and incorporating published data, we propose two alternative, but similar, models of karyotype evolution in the genus  Brachypodium . According to the first model, the extant genome of  B. distachyon  derives from  B. mexicanum  or  B. stacei  by several rounds of descending dysploidy, and the other diploids evolve from  B. distachyon  via ascending dysploidy. The allotetraploids arise by interspecific hybridisation and chromosome doubling between  B. distachyon  and other diploids. The second model differs from the first insofar as it incorporates an intermediate 2n = 18 species between the  B. mexicanum  or  B. stacei  progenitors and the dysploidic  B. distachyon .

Reconstructing the Evolution of Brachypodium Genomes Using Comparative Chromosome Painting