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Here we present a formal description of  Biremis panamae  Barka, Witkowski et Weisenborn sp. nov., which was isolated from the marine littoral environment of the Pacific Ocean coast of Panama. The description is based on morphology (light and electron microscopy) and the  rbc L,  psb C and SSU sequences of one clone of this species. The new species is included in  Biremis  due to its morphological features; i.e. two marginal rows of foramina, chambered striae, and girdle composed of numerous punctate copulae. The new species also possesses a striated valve face which is not seen in most known representatives of marine littoral  Biremis  species. In this study we also present the relationship of  Biremis  to other taxa using morphology, DNA sequence data and observations of auxosporulation. Our results based on these three sources point to an evolutionary relationship between  Biremis ,  Neidium  and  Scoliopleura . The unusual silicified incunabular caps present in them are known otherwise only in  Muelleria , which is probably related to the Neidiaceae and Scoliotropidaceae. We also discuss the relationship between  Biremis  and the recently described  Labellicula  and  Olifantiella .

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A Description of Biremis panamae sp. nov., a New Diatom Species from the Marine Littoral, with an Account of the Phylogenetic Position of Biremis D.G. Mann et E.J. Cox (Bacillariophyceae)