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DNA replication stress induces the transcriptional activation of  rhp51   + , a fission yeast  recA  homolog required for repair of DNA double strand breaks. However, the mechanism by which DNA replication stress activates  rhp51   +  transcription is not understood. The promoter region of  rhp51   +  contains two damage-responsive elements (DREs) and two MluI cell cycle box (MCB) motifs. Using luciferase reporter assays, we examined the role of these elements in  rhp51   +  transcription. The full-length  rhp51   +  promoter and a promoter fragment containing MCB motifs only, but not a fragment containing DREs, mediated transcriptional activation upon DNA replication stress. Removal of the MCB motifs from the  rhp51   +  promoter abolished the induction of  rhp51   +  transcription by DNA replication stress. Consistent with a role for MCB motifs in  rhp51   +  transcription activation, deletion of the MBF (MCB-binding factor) co-repressors Nrm1 and Yox1 precluded  rhp51   +  transcriptional induction in response to DNA replication stress. Using cells deficient in checkpoint signaling molecules, we found that the Rad3-Cds1/Chk1 pathway partially mediated  rhp51   +  transcription in response to DNA replication stress, suggesting the involvement of unidentified checkpoint signaling pathways. Because MBF is critical for G1/S transcription, we examined how the cell cycle affected  rhp51   +  transcription. The transcription of  rhp51   +  and  cdc18   + , an MBF-dependent G1/S gene, peaked simultaneously in synchronized  cdc25-22  cells. Furthermore, DNA replication stress maintained transcription of  rhp51   +  similarly to  cdc18   + . Collectively, these results suggest that MBF and its regulators mediate  rhp51   +  transcription in response to DNA replication stress, and underlie  rhp51   +  transcription at the G1/S transition.

plos one

The MluI Cell Cycle Box (MCB) Motifs, but Not Damage-Responsive Elements (DREs), Are Responsible for the Transcriptional Induction of the rhp51+ Gene in Response to DNA Replication Stress